Railway Sleepers

Leeds West Yorkshire

Approximate Population: 443,247

Leeds  is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England.   It is the urban core and administrative centre of the wider metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds.  The county borough of Leeds was awarded city status in 1893.   Since 1974 city status has been held by the wider City of Leeds district. Thus Leeds, although commonly referred to as a “city”, does not have this legal status unless the wider area is being discussed.

Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the recorded history of Leeds can be traced to the 5th century when the Kingdom of Elmet was covered by the forest of “Loidis”, the origin of the name Leeds.

During the Industrial Revolution, Leeds developed into a major industrial centre for the production and trade of wool, before emerging as a centre for commerce and higher education, being the location of the University of Leeds, Leeds Metropolitan University and Leeds Trinity and All Saints.   Today Leeds is one of the largest financial and legal centres outside London.

Railway Sleepers Leeds West Yorkshire

Railway Sleepers

London Greater London

Approximate Population: 7,556,900

London has a temperate marine climate, like much of the British Isles, so the city rarely sees extremely high or low temperatures.   Summers are warm with average high temperatures of 23 °C (73 °F) and lows of 14 °C (57 °F), however, temperatures can exceed 25 °C (77 °F) on many days.  Winters in London are chilly, but rarely below freezing with daytime temperatures around 2 - 8 °C (36 - 46 °F), while spring has mild days and cool evenings.

London has regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year, with average precipitation of 583.6 millimetres (22.98 in) every year.   Snow is relatively uncommon, particularly because heat from the urban area can make London up to 5 °C (9 °F) hotter than the surrounding areas in winter. Some snowfall, however, is usually seen up to a few times a year.   London is in USDA Hardiness zone 9, and AHS Heat Zone 2.

In the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, London was noted for its dense fogs and smogs. Following the deadly Great Smog of 1952, the Clean Air Act 1956 was passed, leading to the decline of such severe pollution in the capital.

Railway Sleepers London Greater London

Railway Sleepers Swansea Wales

Approximate Population: 169,880

Following the Norman Conquest, a marcher lordship was created.   Named Gower, it included land around Swansea Bay as far as the Tawe, and the manor of Kilvey beyond the Tawe, as well as the peninsula itself.   Swansea was designated its chief town and subsequently received one of the earlier borough charters in Wales.

Swansea’s port grew, shipping some coal and vast amounts of limestone (for fertiliser) out from the town by 1550. As the Industrial Revolution reached Wales, the combination of port, local coal, and trading links with the West Country, Cornwall and Devon, meant that Swansea was the logical place to site copper smelting works.   Smelters were operating by 1720 and proliferated.

Following this, more coal mines (everywhere from north-east Gower to Clyne and Llangyfelach) were opened and smelters (mostly along the Tawe valley) were opened and flourished.   Over the next century and a half, works were established to process arsenic, zinc and tin and to create tinplate and pottery.   The city expanded rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was termed “Copperopolis”.

Railway Sleepers Swansea Wales